hammond



(No Model.) 4Sheets-Sheet 1.

' 'J. B. HAMMOND.

TYPE WRITER.

No. 253,475. Patented Pebl 7,1882.

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lllllllllllllllll N. Pnms, Pmmvumogmpw, wurm nnnnnnn c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. B. HAMMOND.

` TYPE WRITER. No. 253,475. Patented Feb. 7,1882.

Nv PUERS. Phmu-umagmpher. wnshingmn. D. c.

(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 3.

J. B. lM/IMOND.v

TYPE WRITER. l No. 253,475. Patented Feb. 7,1882.

4 N. PETERS. Phuwuuwgnvmr. wasningmn, uc.

(No Model.) I 4 sheets-sheet 4.

J. B. HAMMOND.

TYPE WRITER. No. 253,475. Patented Feb. 7,1882.

, and the inkpads removed.

' UNITED STATES JAMES B. HAMnoND",

PATENT UFFICE.

oF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TYPE-WRITER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 253,475, v,dated February 7, 1882.

Application tiled January 10, 1882. (No model.)

clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements upon4 that class of typewriters described in other applica tions for Letters Patent previously filed by nie.

.The objectsof mypresent inventionare simplication of construction, accuracy in operation, andl concentration of the structure, all as willbe imore fully explained hereinafter. y

.To enable those skilled in, the artto fully understand my presen t invention,I willdescribe the construction and operation, referring by Ylettertotheaccompanyingdrawings, in which:-

' Figure l is arear view of a machine embodying the features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a top view with typewheel partially broken awa-y Fig. 3 is a rear view with the paper-carriage and guide, hainmer, inking-pads, and type-wheel stop-lever all removed to more fully illustrate the parts concealed in Fig. l. Fig. 4. is a verticalsection on the linea,n Fig. 5 is an enlargedper spective view of the double-faced cam onthel Fig. Gis a similar view ot` type-wheel shaft. the upper operative end of one of' the t'woposts rising from'the front frames operated upon by the keys. Fig. 7 .is a cross-section at line y y, Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a section at line z z, Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a detached view of pawl and lever. Fig. `10is a side view ofthe paper-lifting weighted pawl and pinion end of roll-shalt. Fig. 11 is a top view of the inking-pads.

Similar letters represent the same parts in all the figures.

A is the bed of the machine, and Bthe bottom plate of the metallic frame containing the mechanism for operating the several parts of the machine, and isV secured to the bed A in any suitable manner. This plate rises up at either endas seen at C, to i'orm a support for the sides D D, which ar'e secured thereto` by bolts or screws. 'E is the top of the frame, formed with an upwardly-projecting arm,F, reaching over the Shaftof the typewheel, and adapted to receive a screw-bearing for the upperend of said typewheel shaft.

G G aretwo brackets, mounted upon or cast with the top E, provided with conical screwbearings H El, between which is held a vibrating lever, I. (More clearly seen at Fig. 2.)

J J are inking pads, (shown more fully in Fig. 11,) secured adjustably to the top by thu lub-screws a a, in order that they mayfcause ink to be applied to the type and yet be nicely adjusted so as not to impede the rotation of the wheel.

K K are two parallel guide-strips secured to thehed Aot' themachine,and provided with a proper number of slots or kerfs to receive the key-levers L, which are arranged, as shown, to converge under the wheel-operating frames.

K2 is a metal strip secured between the guide-strips K K. It has its top edge beveled or sharpened to form a4 fulcrumt'or all the key- `levers L, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, the bottom edge of the key-levers, when they are in their normal position, resting upon a suitable horizontal rib on the bottom plate, B. Y

Within suitable guides or grooves in the sides D, and beneath a division plate, M, is arranged a vertically-sliding bar or frame, N, and in frontgthereof two'frames, O O, each of half the length of frameN. 0n the inner ends ot' the frames O Oare mounted and secured vertical posts P, the tops of which are formed as clearly shown in Fig. 6, the portionp striking under or upon the edge ofthe double-faced cam Q, while that portion marked p is cut away and passes bywithout touching the stoplever I. These posts, passing through suitable holes or slots in the plate M and top E, are guided properly.

It will be observed that there are two posts I, which are moved by their appropriate levers L L through the frames O O, to which they are attached. The projections or fingers p, upon the upper end ofthe post P, project i11- Wardly toward each other, and terminate, when depressed, a little below the lower point of the double -faced cam Q. They are in such relation to each other and to the point ofthe double-faced cam that a vertical line from the lower and central point of Ithe cam, when the typewlleel is in its normal position, will passvmidway between the two inner ends ot' these pro- IOO jectionsp. As the postsP move inxed guides, it is apparent that the upward movement of one of these posts will cause the projection lo to impinge against the inclined surface on one side ot' the double-faced cam, and as the cam is fixed upon the shaft of the type -wheel, it will cause that shaft, and with it thc typewheel, to rev'olve. It will also appear from the drawings, and fiom the description of the parts, that the projection p on one side, when lifted, will turn the cam and' its shaft in one direction, while the same motion of the projection p upon the other s'de will move the cam and turn the shaft in the opposite direction; and since the point of the double-faced cam rests, when the type-wheel is in its normal position, in the vertical plane passing midway between the inwardly-projecting endsl ofthe two armsp, it is manifest that these movements will begin from the samcpoint, whichever `way the cam be turned.

The means for returning the cam and the type-wheel to their normal positionfwill be elsewhere described; but it willclearly appear from an inspection ofthe drawings alone that the movements ot' the parts willbe as described, and also that the amountof motion imparted to the caln Q by the elevation ofthe projection p will be measured exactly by the vamount of that elevation, since the face of the:

cam in contact with the end of the projection p is a moving inclined plane,wh'rch is pushed farther and farther aside as lthe 4projection rises. The actionof the-keys uponvthese verti` `a bar or post, N', guided by slots or holes in the plate M and top E, thetop of which post, coming Vin contact with the under surface of the stop -lever I at the end of its movement,`

causes it to arrest and steady the-wheel,whilc the hammer, tripping from the pawl b, throws the paper against the wheel, and, rebounding, assumes the position shown in Fig. 4, this post N and the frame N being automatically returned to their normal position always by a straight arm spring, R, in an obvious manner.

To the rear side of the frame`N,'-and centrally, is secured by a pivot a lii'ting-pawl, b, which strikes one end of the hammer whenthe frame N is raised, and swingsby and under the hammer-lever again as the frame N is returned by the spring B. At one side'of this pawl there-is also secured to the frame N an upright, S, slotted on one side, near its top., as seen at Fig. 3, to partially surround the rear T is a lever pivoted at c to the frame. Its inner end is spear headed and lies under the edge of the doublelfaced cam Q, and its outer end is connected by a spiral spring to a regulatin g-screw, U, the tendency and operation of this lever being to return the type wheel to its normal position, and also to assist, if nec-A essary, in the return of the lifting posts P I and their frames to their normal positiom V V are two brackets on top and near the front edge of the plate M,'and through these pass. pointed screw-bearings d d. The former passes through the right-angle lever W, and the points of both enter cavities or centers in the opposite ends of the shaft of the feed-pawl lever V. The lever W extends backward and downward, and rests upon a horizontal pin, c, in the lower end of the hammer-lever, to force it into the position shown in Fig. 4, the further motion required for pressing the paper against the wheel being obtained by the momentum thus far imparted to the hammer by the spring-lever W, which is preventedfrom following the hammerby contact lwith the plate M, the celerity and power with which this action is produced heilig regulated by a tensionspring,f, connected to the ICS bya vertical pivot, a spring-pawl, x,.thc

curved end of which projects between the combs, and lies within the kerts thereof as it rlhe pivoting of the pawl f is raised or lowered. permits it, to swing out of the way as the carriage is returned or pushed back, but holds'it against any forward movement, except in the manner hereinafter described.

X is the type-wheel, with the type arranged upon its perimeter, according to the more frequentv use of any particular letter, on either side of a zero-point, which, in a state of rest, is opposite the hammer or impression-point. The orderof arrangement, as above suggested, is such that those letters most frequently used are nearestthe zero-point, oneither side thereof, and those less frequently used are more remote,as follows: 8, 6, 4, 2, Z, Q, K, B, W, G, U, C, D, H, N, A, T, (zero-point,) E, S, I, O, R, L, F, M l?, Y, V, J, X, 3, 5, 7, 9. The advantages of this arrangement are that the necessary motion of the wheel is very much diminished ,-th us savin g wear and gainingrapid ity -of action-both of great importance. The

upper or hub'end of the shaft ot' said wheel isf IIO rated adistance somewhat lesst l icabdimension ofthe feed-pawl on the'en'dof is held in place by a jam-nut, z, and the lowerg end of the shaft is pointed toenteracenter in 'a 'screwbearng, i, passing up through lt'h'e'ftop 'plate,E. The worm or double-faced cam is Alever A' may be provided with a 'rubber or; other head or pad, B', to aid in producing'al correct and perfect impression upon thefp'aper: between it and the type 'in alignment therewith.

C' is a rail secured to the bed A, 'and D' vis-l another, secured at one end by'a hin'ge'to'an end piece, l', and adapted to lie within-and be fastened to a similar end piece, F', atthol other end.

The paper-carriage consists of two vertical `end pieces, G', provided with grooved rollersl a' at top and bottom, which hold the-carriagefl in a vertical position and permtitto be'driven bacl; and forth between A`the rails. Theend pieces 'are connected by two combs, H', ar-

'ranged one above the other in snchrelation that the teeth of one are opposite the spacesy or kerfs in the other.' These comb `are `sepa-f 1 the verti-v lever W', the result of such construction being that as the feed-pawl lever is raised `from amt vherf orslot in the Alower comb itwillenter similar kerf in'the upper comb, the carriage. being permitted `to `more brward'adistance only equal to the difference in localityofftheq said kerfs, which is always equal to one-half ai proper space Ibetween letters in writiiig,'theother `half'of lthe motion being completedon-` the return of the'pawl AIn'the top 'oftheend pieces, Gf',"o`f thecarrage are journaled` the shafts ot' twolela'stic. rollers, l' and l". The shaft of Athelatteriisi -edcentri'cally hung, as clearly shoivnlat A] `i'g.2 vin order that the two may be readil'yfs'eparat'edi y "poses It willbe seen `jthat 'bylthisfarrangefor the=insertion or removal of the'pap'er.

At one end'of theshaft'ot the rolll' isf'tred' a pinion, b', and to the same shaft is ilooselyg hungjalever, d", weighted Iat lits 'bottom'e', andeurved atits top end,f'. (See Fig. 10;)

tral set-screw, g', to a short arm, h', projecting;

from the 'side of the'end E' ofthe paper-fcarriage frame.v `In the head of the worml or jin-5 clineL are'several depressions or slotsy, adapt ed to receive the tail of a spring, m. Byme'ansi 4of'such'construction the worm or inclineniayE the springml in ditl'erent positions, vin order@ 'to give a longer or shorter action to the lever` eline'orcnrve '-of the worm L', and is conse- "quently forced"down,and through the spring- `pawlfmrngafging with the-pinion b', the shaft, "with lits roller I',`is turned .a'distance sufficient "tothrow upthe papera distante-equal to the 'space'betw'een lines. rlhis movement may be "varied, as heretofore alluded 'to,by increasing "ordiininishing ille length of action of the worm 'L'. As the carriage travels away from ih e "worin L' the weight e' on the lower end of lever 1"brings the lever back by'gravity in po- *sition to again become loperat-ive for raising the paper.

L" is avertical'plate secnr'ed'to the toprail Oflthe carriageLtiack, and 'is provided 'with a slot, through 'which the end of the hammer passes in pressin'gthe'paperagainst the type'. This'slot 'niayor'may not be covered'hy a {ir-Xibl'ediaphr'agm or'tyinpan, L".

To 'tler'earside ot' th'euppercomb, H', are 'sciiredtwoor niore helical paper-holders, M', 'withinwhich the tailfot' the shriet'of paper to vvbe'-"frn't'ed'is coiled, thus avoiding the neces? sityof great dep'th in tlieniachi'ne. The carri-ageis returned -to the s tarting-point'hy any lof the well-known spring-and-treadledevices, laudit is automatically t't-d Al'orwardby means ofa wheel, N", having'algroove in its-periphery, I1in which runs a piillicord, o, oneend ot' which vis secured 'atan'y proper point fio the said wheel, and the 'opposite end rattached to' the Carriage, said 'wheel atlit's-hub havinga t'usee o`1"eccen`tric,'n' ,around fw'hit lris Woundanother `cord,"o',one lend twliichvis connected to a 'brfsp'ring, 'o'. `Itfwll be seen thatas tliecarringe Ais returned Et-.o Ithe Starting-point the kvwheel N" is irotated and the cordlo' wound va1'1o'un`d 'theecc'entric lhub 'n'and :the spring r dis'tortedfsothat'the `tendency of 'the spring "and Icord o' is to reverseithe linove-insult ot' the wheel, which will drag` along -thecarriage as jthefee'dipawl:is operated back and lforth between the'combsofthe carriage. Afs'the car- -riagelisreturned theA spring feed-p'awlc swings outof `the way, as before described, but iin- Ihediately takes its place again )between the "ttfof "the comb whenthe back movement foft'h'e carriageis-suspended, and prevents the Vforward gino'veinent, except for lspacing purment the'carriageiinayiboreadily returned to 'any point for correctiotn'te. l

`The"consrruction andoperatio-not' the pag 'per-feed :rolls `e'nablejineto adjust ythe 'paper L' isan incline or worm securedbyaren- Ivertically/'to place readily anything toibe writ Tten-nwhateverpartof the page yI may choose.

l The lkey-levers L lare surmou'ntedby a snitiable key-iboarmthekeysof which are arranged jtostrik'e and. force dowinthe'frontend ot' their "respective underlying kayalevers. The rear "endsot' these leversv all have'thesame distance ito[rass't';lirough,and allirai'se the rear frame, N,th'e'distance lrequiredlto trip the'haminer, 'release' the papericarria ge,and arrest the wheel, ast'de'scribedf The llower -or depending edge "of the type-'wheelis'prorided with two series lof'notches orser'rations, arranged on opposite "'sidesfof its zero-point',each notch having a IOO IIO

vertical and an inclinedsurt'ace; but the inclined surfaces of one series of notches areinclined in an opposite direction from those of the other series, thevertical surfaces ot' the two series constituting a double series of arrestingsurfaces. The two frames O, which in turn operate the wheel in opposite directions bv the action of the. levers upon them, have a diiferent distance of motion o1 action upon the wheel, determined by the portion cut away from the key-lever at the point oi' its action upon the frame O, so that the wheel may be in any oneef Athe positions corresponding` to the different letters upon the front portion of the key-levers when the arresting-lever, the feedpawl, and/'ie trip-hammer complete theirl action. The :eturn of any key-lever to rest allows the return ofthe wheel, with its operative frame, to a normal position, the feed-pawl returns into the nextkerf ot' the opposite comb, and the trip-pawl resumes its position under the tail of the trip hammerl by the return of' the operative frame N. One. key-lever is arranged to opera te simply to form the spaces between t-he words, or for wider spaces, if desired; between the letters. AThis is accomplished by so forming the rear end of the lever that it will throw the pawl b out ot' engagement with the end of the hammer-lever, and then lift the rear frame, N, and feedpawl lever W', which permits the paper-carriage to be automatically fed forward.v Nothing more is necessary for this purpose than a lug or projection on the end of the lever, extending upward to strike the pawl b and removeit from the range of the tail of the hammer A before the lever L commences its action upon the frame N. rlhe type wheel shaft being provided with the doublefaced cam Q permits the rotation of the wheel in opposite directions.

For the purpose of the more rapid operation of the machine the letters upon the face ofthe wheel, and the keys correspondingtherewith, are, as before explained, arranged with special reference to frequency with which any letter or letters are used, so that the keys are not only located atthe most convenient point,bnt the type wheel makes the least amount 'of movement from its izero or starting point to bring such letters into position.

Operation: The paper to be printed being placed in position and the carriage drawn back to the initial point, the keys are depressed successively, the rear ends ot' the key-levers operating upon the lifting frames N O, causing the type-wheel to rotate to bring the proper letter into alignment, the checkinglever to be thrown `up to hold the wheel in position, thefeed-pawl type-wheel X is returned to position, irrespective of the direction ot' its rotation, by the spearheaded spring-lever T. When the full line is printed the carriage is returned, and the lever-armj", traveling under the worm L', is depressed, and the roll l caused to rotate and lift Athe paper between it and roll I a distance equal exactly to the space between the lines, when the operation of printing or writing may he resumed.

It will be observed that by the construction and arrangement ot' the several parts a machine is produced compact in dimensions, and l'rermitting the operator to readily see his work as it progresses, and enabling him to correct errors andnlocate the matter at pleasure.

I do not claim broadly a type-wheel moving to right or left from a normal point,normeans for arresting and returning the same after such movement, these matters having been claimed in an application tiled by me in the United States Patent O fce on the 21st day of June,

Vhat l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A type-wheel provided with a double series of arrestii'ig-surfaces on either side of a zero-point, and facing in opposite directions, substantially as described, and a stop-lever, I, which arrests the wheel moving in opposite directions.

2. In combination with the feed-pawl,x,con structed as described, and the paper-carriage, the double combs H. Y

3. In combination with the papcrcarriage of a type-writing machine, the wheel N, with its cords 0 o and spring r, arranged and oper ating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In combination with the carriage and guiding-rails, the rolls I I, worm L,'weighted pawl-lever d, and pinion b', for raising the paper, substantially as set forth.

5. A type-wheel, in combination with means,

same, and means, as described, for retaining it, and means, as described, f'or returning it to normal position, said wheel having the letters or characters arranged on its periphery on Yeither side of a zero-point, in manner set forth,

whereby those most frequently used shall be nearest to the said zero-point, allas described.

6. The helical paper-holders M', secured to the carriage-frame, and adapted to receive the paper.

7. The type-wheel X, formed with a suitable shaft and a double-faced cam, and secured in position independently by means of bearings Y t'.

8. 1n combination with the type-wheel and double-faced cam Q, the frames O, posts P, and operating-levers L.

.9. In combination with the levers L, frames O, and type-wheel X, the frame N, provided with lifting-pawl I) and hammer A.

10.1111 `a type-writing machine, the combi- ;nation, witha type-.wheel adapted to turn on IOS l IIO substantially as described, for vibrating the parted to the type-wheel to arrest said typewheel at the proper point, as set forth.

11. A type-wheel adapted to turn on its bearings from a normal point in either direction through a series of characters to bring any one of said series of characters to said point, key-levers, and intermediate mechan ism, substantially as described, whereby said right and left handmotion is communicated to said wheel, a stop mechanism* set in motion zo by the key-levers, and adapted to arrest the said wheel at a series of points on the right or left, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two sub- 25 scribing witnesses.

JAS. B. HAMMOND. Witnesses:

JOHN PROCTER CLARKE, SAML. M. HITCHCOCK. 

